THE DOWN RATCHET
AND
THE DETERIORATION OF TANKER NEWBUILDING STANDARDS

Jack Devanney and Mike Kennedy

      Copyright © 2002  Center for Tankship Excellence
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
      under the terms of the  Gnu Free Documentation License (GFDL) Version 1.2
      or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
      with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

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